The Concept of Wisdom According to Theravada Buddhist Dimension

The Concept of Wisdom According to Theravada Buddhist Dimension 

• Article of ALOK MIND (Buddhist Philosophy) No. 4.
• Author: Bhikkhu ALOKA
• Published by ALOK MIND Foundation 
• Issued: 17 October, 2023

Abstract

As social beings, our existence is intricately woven with the tapestry of human connections, essential for navigating the complexities of daily life. Thus, our imperative is to grasp the essence of genuine wisdom. This academic article delves into the multifaceted concept of wisdom as elucidated in Theravada Buddhist scriptures. With relevant Tipitaka sources, this article explores the characteristics of wise individuals, their associations, and the profound implications of such associations on one’s spiritual path. Importantly, the article delves into the mental qualities, intellectual wisdom, right view, confidence, training, and problem-solving abilities of wise individuals, shedding light on the significance of discerning wisdom for the avoidance of foolish associations. The writer aims to illuminate the path towards wisdom and right association, as prescribed by Lord Buddha, for the ultimate goal of achieving Nibbana.

Introduction

The duality of existence, characterized by the wise and foolish, good and bad, is a fundamental aspect of the universe according to Theravada Buddhist philosophy. The concept of wisdom holds a central place in this worldview, as it guides individuals on their spiritual journey. As social beings, our associations significantly impact our lives, making it imperative to discern between the wise and the foolish. Lord Buddha, in the Mahamangala Sutta,[1] emphasized the importance of associating with the wise, calling it “the greatest blessing.” However, understanding what constitutes wisdom and wise individuals is crucial for achieving this correct association.

In the vast expanse of Buddhist literature, different types of wise persons are described, such as wise teachers, wise friends, and wise students, each characterized by unique traits. This article focuses on the wisdom-related concepts found in Theravada Buddhist scriptures, providing insights into the characteristics, associations, and implications of wisdom. It also explores the mental qualities, intellectual wisdom, and problem-solving abilities of wise individuals.

Characteristics of Wise Individuals

Theravada Buddhism describes wise individuals through various lenses, including their thought, speech, and actions. In the Sunnakatha vannanā of the commentary of Patisambhidamagga, three key characteristics of wise persons are delineated:

1. Wise or beneficial thinking is a constant trait (sucintitacintī).
2. Wise or polite speech is consistently practiced (subhāsitabhāsi).
3. Good or beneficial actions are continually performed (sukatakammakārī).[2]

These characteristics underline the importance of cultivating wisdom in thought, speech, and action. Wise individuals consistently demonstrate these traits, serving as exemplars for others to follow.

Associations and Wisdom

Associating with wise individuals for one’s spiritual progress. Correct association with the wise can lead to right thoughts, speech, and actions, as elucidated by Lord Buddha in the dhammacakkapavattanasutta.[3] Wise association paves the way toward achieving Nibbana, the ultimate goal of Buddhism. Lord Buddha extolled the benefits of good friendship (kaleyanamitta) in the commentary of Dhammapada, emphasizing the joy and peace derived from the company of noble persons. The verse, “It’s good to see Noble Ones.[4] Happy their company – always,” underscores the need to avoid associating with the foolish while seeking the companionship of the wise.

Key Concept of Wisdom in Theravada Buddhism

Theravada Buddhist canonical texts offer profound insights into the concept of wisdom, its characteristics, associations, and implications. Understanding the wisdom-related concepts found in these scriptures is essential for discerning the path to correct association and, ultimately, spiritual liberation. Through the study of wise individuals’ mental qualities, intellectual wisdom, right view, confidence, training, and problem-solving abilities, this article aims to shed light on the significance of wisdom in avoiding foolish associations.

Conclusion

The concept of wisdom in Theravada Buddhism encompasses a wide array of dimensions, each contributing to an individual’s spiritual development. This exploration of wisdom’s characteristics, associations, and implications serves as a valuable guide for practitioners seeking the path of righteousness and enlightenment, as prescribed by Lord Buddha. By discerning wisdom and avoiding foolish associations, one can navigate the intricate journey towards wisdom and liberation from ignorance, papancca-dhamma, and hindrances in accordance with Theravada Buddhist teachings.

[1] Helmer Smith (ed.). (1978). The Khuddaka-Pāṭha Together with its Commentary Paramatthajotikā I. London: PTS Publication.

[2] Ibid., p. 110

[3] Feer, m. Leon (ed.) (1976). Saṃyutta-Nikāya. Part V. Mahā-Vagga. London: PTS Publication.

[4] Norman, H. C. (ed.) (1970). The Commentary on the Dhammapada. Vol. III. (London: Luzac (LTD) Publication.